Reka dusesengure ibyiza nibibi bya buri tara hano.
1.Amatara yaka
Amatara maremare nayo yitwa amatara. Cyakora kubyara ubushyuhe iyo amashanyarazi anyuze muri filament. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya filament, niko urumuri rwinshi. Yitwa itara ryaka.
Iyo itara ryaka cyane risohora urumuri, ingufu nyinshi zamashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu zubushyuhe, kandi umubare muto cyane niwo ushobora guhinduka ingufu zumucyo zingirakamaro.
Umucyo utangwa n'amatara yaka ni urumuri rwamabara yuzuye, ariko igipimo cyibigize buri mucyo wamabara bigenwa nibikoresho bya luminescent (tungsten) nubushyuhe.
Ubuzima bwitara ryaka rifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwa filament, kuko uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko filimile izoroha. Iyo insinga ya tungsten igabanijwe kugeza yoroheje, biroroshye gutwika nyuma yo guhabwa ingufu, bityo bikarangira ubuzima bwitara. Kubwibyo, imbaraga nyinshi zamatara yaka, nigihe cyo kubaho.
Ibibi: Mubikoresho byose byo kumurika bikoresha amashanyarazi, amatara yaka ntagikora neza. Gusa igice gito cyingufu zamashanyarazi ikoresha gishobora guhinduka ingufu zoroheje, naho ibindi bigatakara muburyo bwingufu zubushyuhe. Kubijyanye nigihe cyo gucana, igihe cyamatara nkigihe ntikirenza amasaha 1000.
2. amatara ya fluorescent
Uburyo ikora: Umuyoboro wa fluorescent ni umuyoboro wa gaze ufunze.
Umuyoboro wa fluorescent ushingiye kuri atome ya mercure yo mu itara kugira ngo irekure imirasire ya ultraviolet binyuze mu nzira yo gusohora gaze. Hafi 60% yo gukoresha amashanyarazi arashobora guhinduka urumuri rwa UV. Izindi mbaraga zihinduka ingufu zubushyuhe.
Ibintu bya fluorescent hejuru yimbere yimbere ya fluorescent ikurura imirasire ya ultraviolet kandi itanga urumuri rugaragara. Ibintu bitandukanye bya fluorescent bitanga urumuri rugaragara.
Mubisanzwe, guhindura imikorere yumucyo ultraviolet kumucyo ugaragara ni 40%. Kubwibyo, imikorere yamatara ya fluorescent ni 60% x 40% = 24%.
Ibibi: Ibibi byaamatara ya fluorescentni uko inzira yo kubyaza umusaruro no guhumanya ibidukikije nyuma yo gukurwaho, cyane cyane umwanda wa mercure, ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije. Hamwe nogutezimbere inzira, umwanda wa amalgam uragabanuka buhoro buhoro.
3. amatara azigama ingufu
Amatara azigama ingufu, bizwi kandi nk'amatara magufi ya fluorescent (ahinnye nkaAmatara ya CFLmu mahanga), gira ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane (inshuro 5 ziva kumatara asanzwe), ingaruka zigaragara zo kuzigama ingufu, hamwe nubuzima burebure (inshuro 8 zububiko busanzwe). Ingano nto kandi yoroshye gukoresha. Ikora ahanini nki itara rya fluorescent.
Ibibi: Imirasire ya electromagnetique yamatara azigama ingufu nayo ituruka kuri ionisation reaction ya electron na gaze ya mercure. Muri icyo gihe, amatara azigama ingufu agomba kongeramo fosifori yisi idasanzwe. Bitewe na radioactivite ya fosifori yisi idasanzwe, amatara azigama ingufu nayo azabyara imirasire ya ionizing. Ugereranije no kutamenya neza imirasire ya electromagnetique, ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire ikabije kumubiri wumuntu birakwiye kwitabwaho.
Byongeye kandi, kubera kugabanya ihame ryakazi ryamatara azigama ingufu, mercure iri mumatara ntago igomba kuba isoko nyamukuru y’umwanda.
4.Amatara
LED. Umutima wa LED ni chip ya semiconductor, impera imwe ya chip ifatanye na bracket, impera imwe ni electrode mbi, naho iyindi ihujwe na electrode nziza yo gutanga amashanyarazi, kuburyo chip yose iba ifunze epoxy resin.
Wafer ya semiconductor igizwe n'ibice bibiri, igice kimwe ni P-semiconductor ya P, aho imyobo yiganje, naho ubundi impera ni N-semiconductor ya N, aho electron ziba ahanini. Ariko iyo semiconductor ebyiri zahujwe, habaho PN ihuza hagati yabo. Iyo ikigezweho gikora kuri wafer unyuze mu nsinga, electron zizasunikwa mukarere ka P, aho electroni nu mwobo byongera guhurira, hanyuma bigatanga ingufu muburyo bwa fotone, ariryo hame ryo gusohora urumuri rwa LED. Uburebure bwumucyo, nabwo ni ibara ryumucyo, bigenwa nibintu bigize ihuriro rya PN.
Ibibi: Amatara ya LED ahenze kuruta ayandi matara.
Muri make, amatara ya LED afite ibyiza byinshi kurenza andi matara, kandi amatara ya LED azahinduka amatara yimbere mugihe kizaza.