Haraheze imyaka irenga ijana kuva abantu binjiye mugihe c'umuriro w'amashanyarazi.Bitewe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, inganda zimurika zahuye nibyiciro bine byiterambere.Ibicuruzwa byerekana amatara muri buri cyiciro bifite inyungu zabyo nibibi, ariko inganda zimurika muri rusange ziratera imbere muburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu.Kugeza ubu, itara ryisi ryinjiye murwego rwo kumurika LED.Kugaragara kwinshi mubicuruzwa bishya, ibikoresho bishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya byatumye tekinoroji yumucyo yubwenge itera imbere yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo guhuza sisitemu.
Inganda zijyanye nigitekerezo cyo kumurika ubwenge zirashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu byingenzi kuva hejuru kugeza hasi ukurikije urunigi rwagaciro: ibikoresho byibanze byo hejuru hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo kumurika ibikoresho byubwenge hamwe no gutanga urubuga, hamwe nibisabwa hasi.Ibikoresho byo hejuru byimbere birimo chip, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, filaments, nibindi. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikubiyemo sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara, sisitemu yigihe, nibindi.;igice cyo hagati gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ibikoresho byo kumurika byubwenge hamwe nurumuri rwubwenge ukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye;igice cyo hepfo gishobora kugabanywa kumurika nyaburanga no kumurika imikorere ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye byakoreshejwe, itara ryihutirwa, nibindi.
Amatara yubwenge yinjiye gusa ku isoko ryUbushinwa mu myaka ya za 90.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho hamwe no kuzamura ibihe, urumuri rwubwenge rwabonye ibyiciro bitatu kuva rwagati kugeza kugabanwa kugeza kugabanwa, kandi ibyiza birashobora kuvugwa ko bigaragara.
Ku ikubitiro, imyumvire ya buri wese yo kumurika ubwenge yari kurwego ruto ugereranije, nkibikorwa byoroshye nko guhinduranya itara ryikora, gucana no gucana, ariko mubyukuri, ibyiza byo kumurika ubwenge birenze kure ibyo.Muri iki gihe, impamvu ituma urumuri rushobora kurabya ahantu hose rugaragarira cyane cyane muri ibi bitatu: kuzigama ingufu zubukungu, imikorere yoroshye nibikorwa bitandukanye kandi byihariye.
Amatara yubwenge - Kuzigama mubukungu ningufu
Mbere ya byose, ubuzima bwamatara ukoresheje sisitemu yubwenge bizaba birebire kurenza amatara asanzwe.Nkuko twese tubizi, impamvu nyamukuru yo kwangirika kwamatara ni ihindagurika rya voltage ya gride.Gukoresha urumuri rwubwenge rushobora guhagarika neza ihindagurika rya voltage ya gride, bityo bikongerera neza ubuzima bwamatara kandi bikagabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.Byongeye kandi, karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone ikorwa n'amatara asanzwe n'amatara ntishobora kuzimanganywa na kamere na gato, idashobora kugera ku ntego yo kutabogama kwa karubone yunganirwa na leta, ikaba yarateje ingaruka mbi ku mibereho yacu.Nyuma yo gushiraho, mugihe urumuri rusanzwe ruhagije, sisitemu izahita ihindura urumuri, kuburyo umwanya uri muburyo bwo guhora kumurika, kandi ingaruka rusange yo kuzigama amashanyarazi igera kuri 30%, ibyo bikaba byerekana neza ubukungu ningufu kuzigama ibyiza.
Amatara yubwenge - Igenzura ryoroshye
Amatara gakondo arashobora kugenzurwa numuyoboro umwe gusa, mugihe sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge irashobora kumenya umuyoboro umwe, imiyoboro myinshi, guhinduranya, gucana, kwerekana, igihe, kwinjiza no kugenzura, kandi biroroshye cyane gukora.Ibicuruzwa bimurika byubwenge birashobora kandi kugenzura amatara binyuze mumabwiriza yijwi.Kurugero, mugihe abakoresha bagiye kuryama nijoro, ntibakeneye kubyuka no kujya kumatara kugirango bazimye amatara.Bakeneye gusa kuvuga "kuzimya amatara", kandi amatara yubwenge azahita azimya.
Itara ryubwenge - Itara ritandukanye kandi ryihariye
Mugihe cya interineti, ibyifuzo byacu byo kumurika ntabwo bigarukira gusa kumucyo ugaragara no kugicucu, ahubwo tunakurikirana uburyo bwo gutandukanya no kumenyekanisha ibidukikije byumucyo, akaba ari agace katoroshye kugerwaho n’umucyo gakondo.Kurugero, niba umuryango ubu ufite ibikoresho byo kumurika byubwenge, uburyo butandukanye bwo gucana ubwenge bwurugo burashobora gutoranywa kugirango habeho imyumvire itandukanye yumucyo mugihe cyo kwidagadura no kwidagadura murugo no guterana kwabantu benshi.
Urebye igipimo kiriho cyinjira mumasoko, nubwo ubucuruzi bwurumuri rwimbere mu gihugu bugenda bwiyongera, ingo nyinshi ziracyari murwego rwo gutegereza-kureba kandi ntizihinduka mubigura.Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasosiyete menshi yamurika ubwenge aracyagerageza uko ashoboye kugirango ayobore abaguzi, kandi isoko kuri ubu iri murwego rwo "kwiyongera-gushingiye".Urebye kure, igihe amatara gakondo asohotse ku isoko, itara ryubwenge rizasimburwa, kandi ubushobozi bwisoko ryigihe kizaza nabwo ntagereranywa.